Edible oils

Kazakhstan

• Rising production: Kazakhstan has seen significant growth in vegetable oil production in recent years, driven by government support and investment in the industry.
• Sunflower oil and rapeseed oil: Sunflower oil and rapeseed oil are the main vegetable oils produced in Kazakhstan, with sunflower oil accounting for about 60% of the total production.
• Regional focus: The majority of vegetable oil production in Kazakhstan is concentrated in the southern regions of the country, particularly the Almaty and southern Kazakhstan regions.
• Domestic consumption: Kazakhstan’s vegetable oil production is largely focused on meeting domestic demand, with a significant portion of production being consumed locally.
• Export Potential: Kazakhstan has potential for increasing exports of vegetable oils, particularly to countries such as China, Russia and the EU.

Ukraine

• Significant Production: Ukraine is a major producer of vegetable oils with a large share of world production.
• Sunflower oil dominates: Sunflower oil is the most commonly produced vegetable oil in Ukraine, accounting for over 80% of total production.
• Main production regions: The main regions for vegetable oil production in Ukraine are the eastern and southern regions, especially in Donetsk, Kharkiv and Odessa oblasts.
• High yields: Ukraine has achieved high yields in vegetable oil production thanks to the use of modern cultivation techniques and favorable climatic conditions.
• Export-oriented: Ukraine is a major exporter of vegetable oils, with a large proportion of production going to countries such as the EU, China and Turkey.

Eastern Europe

• Diverse Production: There is diverse vegetable oil production in Eastern Europe, with countries such as Poland, Hungary and Romania producing significant quantities.
• Rapeseed oil dominates: Rapeseed oil is the most commonly produced vegetable oil in Eastern Europe and accounts for over 50% of total production.
• Regional focus: Vegetable oil production in Eastern Europe is concentrated in countries such as Poland, Hungary and Romania, with smaller production volumes in other countries.
• Domestic consumption: Eastern European countries consume most of their vegetable oil production domestically, with some exports to neighboring countries.
• EU market integration: Eastern European countries are increasingly integrated into the EU market, which has driven the growth of vegetable oil production and trade in the region.

General trends in these regions include:

• Increasing focus on sustainable production: Many countries in the region are emphasizing sustainable production practices, including the use of organic farming methods and reducing environmental impact.
• Growing Demand for High-Quality Oils: There is a growing demand for high-quality vegetable oils, including cold-pressed oils and specialty oils, driven by consumer preferences for healthier and more sustainable products.
• Investment in technology and infrastructure: Governments and private companies are investing in technology and infrastructure to improve efficiency and increase production capacity in the vegetable oil industry.
• Trade and export growth: The region is expected to grow trade and exports of vegetable oils, driven by increasing demand from countries such as China and the EU.

Russia

Types of vegetable oils produced in Russia

Russia is a major producer of vegetable oils, with a variety of oils produced from various crops. Here are some of the main types of vegetable oils produced in Russia:

• Sunflower oil: Russia is one of the world’s largest producers of sunflower oil, accounting for around 20% of global production. Sunflower oil is widely used in cooking, food processing and as a biofuel.
• Soybean oil: Soybean oil is another popular vegetable oil produced in Russia, with the majority of production coming from the southern regions of the country.
• Rapeseed oil: Rapeseed oil, also called canola oil, is produced in Russia, especially in the western regions. It is used in food production, biofuels and industrial applications.
• Linseed oil: Linseed oil, also called linseed oil, is produced in Russia, particularly in the Volga region. It is used in food production as well as in paint and varnish production.
• Safflower oil: Safflower oil is produced in Russia, especially in the southern regions. It is used in food production, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
• Pumpkin Seed Oil: Pumpkin seed oil is a specialty oil produced in Russia, especially in the southern regions. It is used in food production, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
• Hemp oil: Hemp oil is produced in Russia, especially in the western regions. It is used in food production, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
• Camelina oil: Camelina oil, also called wild linseed oil, is produced in Russia, especially in the eastern regions. It is used in food production, biofuels and industrial applications.
• Oat oil: Oat oil is produced in Russia, especially in the western regions. It is used in food production, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
• Corn oil: Corn oil is produced in Russia, especially in the southern regions. It is used in food production, biofuels and industrial applications.

Main regions of vegetable oil production in Russia

Russia is a major producer of vegetable oils. The main production regions are:

• Southern Federal District: This region includes Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory and Rostov Oblast. The region is known for its fertile soils and favorable climate, making it an ideal place for growing sunflowers, soybeans and other oilseeds.
• Volga Federal District: This region includes Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan Oblasts. The region is a major producer of sunflower oil and has many large oilseed processing plants.
• Central Federal District: This region includes Moscow Oblast, Vladimir Oblast and Ryazan Oblast. The region is known for the production of rapeseed oil and has numerous farms and processing plants.
• Siberian Federal District: This region includes Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast and Kurgan Oblast. The region is a major rapeseed oil producer with many farms and processing plants.
• Ural Federal District: This region includes Sverdlovsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Kurgan Oblast. The region is known for the production of soybean oil and has many large oilseed processing plants.

Specific regions within these federal districts known for their vegetable oil production include:

• Krasnodar Krai: Known for its sunflower oil production, with many large farms and processing plants in the region.
• Stavropol Region: A major producer of sunflower oil with many farms and processing plants in the region.
• Rostov Oblast: Known for the production of sunflower oil, with many large farms and processing plants in the region.
• Saratov Oblast: A major producer of sunflower oil with many large oilseed processing plants in the region.
• Novosibirsk Oblast: A major producer of rapeseed oil with many farms and processing plants in the region.

Total volume of vegetable oil production in Russia

Largest vegetable oil production companies in Russia:

1. EfkO Group (formerly known as EFKO) – 1,4 million tons per year. The EfkO Group, headquartered in Moscow, is one of the largest vegetable oil producers in Russia and is represented in over 20 countries.
2. Vladimirskoe – 1,2 million tons per year. Vladimirskoe, based in Vladimir, is a leading Russian producer of vegetable oils, including sunflower oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil.
3. Sodrugestvo – 1 million tons per year. Sodrugestvo, headquartered in Kaliningrad, is a major player in the Russian vegetable oil market with a focus on sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil.
4. Aston – 800.000 tonnes per year. Aston, based in Rostov-on-Don, is a major producer of vegetable oils, including sunflower oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil.
5. Zhilinsky – 600.000 tons per year. Headquartered in Lipetsk, Zhilinsky is a major producer of vegetable oils, including sunflower oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil.

Total volume of vegetable oil production in Russia

According to the Russian Union of Oil and Fat Producers (RUOFM), the total volume of vegetable oil production in Russia in 2020 was about 5,3 million tons. This represents a significant increase from the 4,1 million tonnes in 2019.

Breakdown of vegetable oil production in Russia (2020):

1. Sunflower oil: 3,3 million tons (62,3% of total production)
2. Soybean oil: 1,3 million tons (24,5% of total production)
3. Rapeseed oil: 340.000 tons (6,4% of total production)
4. Corn oil: 150.000 tons (2,8% of total production)
5. Other vegetable oils: 100.000 tons (1,9% of total production)

Quality of vegetable oils from Russia

In Russia, the quality of vegetable oils is regulated by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) and the Ministry of Agriculture. Here are some quality indicators of vegetable oils in Russia:

• Acid value: The acid value indicates the content of free fatty acids in the oil. In Russia, the maximum permissible acid value is 0,5% for refined oils and 1,5% for unrefined oils.
• Peroxide value: The peroxide value measures the degree of oxidation in the oil. The maximum allowable peroxide value in Russia is 10 mmol/kg for refined oils and 20 mmol/kg for unrefined oils.
• Moisture content: The moisture content of vegetable oils in Russia should not exceed 0,1%.
• Impurities: The presence of impurities such as sediment, dirt and other impurities is not allowed in vegetable oils in Russia.
• Color and Transparency: Vegetable oils should have a clear and transparent color, without cloudiness or sediment.
• Taste and smell: Vegetable oils should have a neutral taste and smell, without any off-taste or smell.
• Fat composition: The fatty acid composition of vegetable oils should comply with Russian standards for certain types of oils such as sunflower oil, soybean oil or rapeseed oil.
• Heavy metal content: Vegetable oils should not contain excessive amounts of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury.
• Pesticide residues: Vegetable oils should not contain excessive amounts of pesticide residues, such as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.
• Microbiological parameters: Vegetable oils should comply with Russian standards for microbiological parameters, such as the absence of pathogenic microorganisms and the presence of beneficial microorganisms.
• Shelf life: Vegetable oils should have a minimum shelf life of 6 months from the date of manufacture.
• Labeling and packaging: Vegetable oils should be labeled and packaged in accordance with Russian regulations, including indicating the oil type, manufacturer and expiry date.

Quality standards for vegetable oils from Russia

GOST standards

The GOST system (Gosudarstvenny Standart) is a set of standards developed by the Russian government to ensure the quality of goods and services. GOST standards for vegetable oils include GOST 1129-2015 for sunflower oil, GOST 31761-2012 for soybean oil and GOST 31762-2012 for rapeseed oil.

Physicochemical parameters

• Acid number (not more than 0,5 mg KOH/g)
• Peroxide value (not more than 10 mmol/kg)
• Moisture and impurities (not more than 0,5%)
• Color (measured using the Lovibond method)
• Density (at 20°C)
• Viscosity (at 20°C)

Certification and testing

Vegetable oil producers in Russia must obtain certification from authorized bodies such as Rosstandart or the Russian Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision (Rosselkhoznadzor). In addition, tests and monitoring are carried out regularly to ensure compliance with quality standards.

Export regulations

Russia has specific regulations for the export of vegetable oils, including requirements for:

• Export permits
• Phytosanitary certificates
• Health certificates
• Commercial invoices and other documents

The main regulations and standards for vegetable oils in Russia include:

• Federal Law No. 29-FZ “On Quality and Safety of Food” (2010)
• GOST 50245-2011 “Vegetable oils. General Specifications”
• SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 “Hygienic standards and regulations for the production, storage and sale of food”
• Rosselkhoznadzor’s “Regulations for the Export of Plant Products” (2020)
• Russian standards for vegetable oils are based on international standards, such as those of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Union (EU).

Share of the world market

Here are some important statistics on the share of Russian vegetable oils in the world market:

• Sunflower oil: Russia is the world’s largest producer and exporter of sunflower oil, accounting for about 25-30% of global production and 40-50% of global exports. According to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Russia produced 2020 million tons of sunflower oil in 21/4,3, followed by Ukraine (2,3 million tons) and China (1,8 million tons).
• Global vegetable oil market share: Russia’s share of the global vegetable oil market is approximately 10-12%, making it one of the three largest vegetable oil exporting countries alongside Indonesia and Malaysia. In 2020, Russia’s vegetable oil exports totaled 4,5 million tons, worth around $2,5 billion.
• Export destinations: Russia’s vegetable oil exports are mainly destined for countries in the European Union, Turkey, China, India and Egypt. The EU is the largest importer of Russian vegetable oil, accounting for around 40% of total exports.
• Competitive Advantages: Russia’s vegetable oil industry benefits from its fertile soil, favorable climate and proximity to important markets. The country’s sunflower oil production is also supported by government subsidies and investments in the agricultural sector.
• Challenges and opportunities: Russia’s vegetable oil industry faces challenges such as volatility in global prices, competition from other oilseed producers and logistical constraints. However, the industry is also expected to benefit from increasing demand for healthy and sustainable food, as well as the growth of the biofuel sector.

Price dynamics

Russian vegetable oils, including sunflower oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil, are an important part of the country’s agricultural sector. The prices of these oils are influenced by various factors including global demand, supply, trade policies and currency fluctuations. Here is an overview of the price dynamics for Russian vegetable oils over the last five years.

2017

• Sunflower oil prices: The average price of sunflower oil in Russia in 2017 was around 43.000 RUB/ton (approximately US$650/ton). Prices were relatively stable, with a slight increase in the second half of the year due to strong demand from Russia’s domestic food industry.
• Soybean oil prices: The average price of soybean oil in Russia in 2017 was around RUB 35.000/ton (approximately US$530/ton). Prices were influenced by the global soybean market, which was affected by drought in Argentina and Brazil.
• Rapeseed oil prices: The average price for rapeseed oil in Russia in 2017 was around 28.000 RUB/ton (approx. 420 US dollars/ton). Prices were relatively low due to a record harvest in Russia and Ukraine.

2018

• Sunflower oil prices: The average price of sunflower oil in Russia in 2018 was around 48.000 RUB/ton (approximately US$710/ton). Prices rose about 2017% compared to 10, driven by strong demand from the food industry and a slight decline in production due to weather.
• Soybean oil prices: The average price of soybean oil in Russia in 2018 was around RUB 38.000/ton (approx. US$570/ton). Prices were hit by global trade tensions between the USA and China, which impacted soybean exports.
• Rapeseed oil prices: The average price for rapeseed oil in Russia in 2018 was around 32.000 RUB/ton (approx. 480 US dollars/ton). Prices remained relatively stable due to a good harvest in Russia and Ukraine.

2019

• Sunflower oil prices: The average price of sunflower oil in Russia in 2019 was around 51.000 RUB/ton (approximately $760/ton). Prices increased by around 2018% compared to 6, reflecting strong demand from the food industry and a decline in production due to weather conditions.
• Soybean oil prices: The average price of soybean oil in Russia in 2019 was around 42.000 RUB/ton (approx. 630 US dollars/ton). Prices were hit by ongoing trade tensions between the USA and China, which impacted soybean exports.
• Rapeseed oil prices: The average price of rapeseed oil in Russia was around 2019 RUB/ton (about 35.000 US dollars/ton) in 520. Prices increased by around 2018% compared to 10, driven by strong demand from the biofuel industry.

2020

• Sunflower oil prices: The average price of sunflower oil in Russia in 2020 was around 55.000 RUB/ton (approximately US$820/ton). Prices increased by around 2019% compared to 8, reflecting strong demand from the food industry and a decline in production due to weather conditions.
• Soybean oil prices: The average price of soybean oil in Russia in 2020 was around 45.000 RUB/ton (approximately US$670/ton). Prices were impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted soybean exports and demand.
• Rapeseed oil prices: The average price for rapeseed oil in Russia in 2020 was around 38.000 RUB/ton (approx. 560 US dollars/ton). Prices remained relatively stable due to a good harvest in Russia and Ukraine.

2021

• Sunflower oil prices: The average price of sunflower oil in Russia in 2021 was around 60.000 RUB/ton (approximately US$920/ton). Prices increased by about 2020% compared to 10, reflecting strong demand from the food industry and a decline in production due to weather conditions.
• Soybean oil prices: The average price of soybean oil in Russia in 2021 was around 48.000 RUB/ton (approximately US$710/ton). Prices were influenced by continued global demand for soybeans and the global economy’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Rapeseed oil prices: The average price of rapeseed oil in Russia was around 2021 RUB/ton (about 42.000 US dollars/ton) in 630. Prices increased by around 2020% compared to 10, driven by strong demand from the biofuel industry.

Overall, Russian vegetable oil prices have been influenced by a combination of factors, including global demand, supply, trade policy and currency fluctuations. Sunflower oil and soybean oil prices have increased over the past five years, driven by strong demand from the food and biofuel industries. Rapeseed oil prices have been relatively stable, but have also shown an upward trend in recent years.

Demand for Russian vegetable oils

The demand for Russian vegetable oils in the global market is expected to increase in the coming years due to several factors. Here are some key trends and predictions:

Growing production and exports

Russia has steadily increased its production of vegetable oils, particularly sunflower oil, the country’s main oilseed crop. According to the Russian Federal Statistics Service (Rosstat), the country’s sunflower oil production reached 2020 million tons in 3,3, up from 2,5 million tons in 2015.

Russia’s vegetable oil exports have also increased, driven by demand from major importers such as China, India and the European Union. In 2020, Russia’s vegetable oil exports reached 1,4 million tons, worth around $1,3 billion.

Increasing demand from emerging markets

Growing demand for vegetable oils in emerging markets, particularly in Asia, is expected to boost demand for Russian vegetable oils. The Asian market is expected to remain the largest consumer of vegetable oils due to population growth, urbanization and increasing demand for processed foods.

Competitive prices

Russian vegetable oils are known for their competitive prices, which makes them attractive to importers. The country’s proximity to important markets such as the European Union also reduces transportation costs and makes Russian vegetable oils more competitive.

Diversification of export markets

Russia is diversifying its export markets to reduce dependence on traditional markets. The country is increasing its exports to markets such as Africa, Latin America and the Middle East, which are expected to drive growth in the coming years.

Demand forecasting

We forecast demand for Russian vegetable oils as follows:

• 2023: 3,5 million tonnes (MT)
• 2024: 3,7 million tons (growth rate: 5,7%)
• 2025: 4,1 million tons (growth rate: 10,8%)
• 2026: 4,5 million tons (growth rate: 9,8%)
• 2027: 5,1 million tons (growth rate: 13,3%)
• 2028: 5,7 million tons (growth rate: 11,8%)

Kazakhstan

Types of vegetable oils produced in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is a major producer of various types of vegetable oils, including:

• Sunflower oil: Kazakhstan is one of the largest producers of sunflower oil in the world. The country’s fertile soil and favorable climate make it an ideal place for sunflower cultivation.
• Cottonseed Oil: Cotton is an important crop in Kazakhstan and the country produces a significant amount of cottonseed oil, which is used in food, cosmetics and industrial applications.
• Rapeseed oil: Rapeseed, also called canola, is widely grown in Kazakhstan and its oil is used in food, biofuels and industrial applications.
• Soybean oil: Soybean is another important crop in Kazakhstan and its oil is used in food, feed and industrial applications.
• Flaxseed oil: Kazakhstan is a major producer of flaxseed and its oil is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.
• Corn oil: Corn is an important crop in Kazakhstan and its oil is used in food, biofuels and industrial applications.
• Pumpkin Seed Oil: Pumpkin is a minor crop in Kazakhstan, but its oil is gaining popularity in the country, especially in the food industry.
• Safflower Oil: Safflower is a minor crop in Kazakhstan, but its oil is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.
• Camelina oil: Camelina is a minor crop in Kazakhstan, but its oil is used in food, feed and industrial applications.

Main regions of vegetable oil production in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is a major producer of vegetable oils, particularly sunflower oil and linseed oil. The main regions of vegetable oil production in Kazakhstan are:

• South Kazakhstan Region: This region is the largest producer of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan, accounting for over 30% of the country’s total production. The region’s fertile soil and favorable climate make it an ideal place for growing sunflowers.
• Kostanay Region: The Kostanay Region is located in northern Kazakhstan and is another major producer of sunflower oil. The region’s agricultural sector is well developed and sunflowers are one of the main crops grown in the region.
• North Kazakhstan Region: This region is known for the production of flaxseed oil, which is used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The region’s cool climate and soil conditions are well suited to flaxseed cultivation.
• Almaty Region: Although the Almaty Region is not as large as some other regions, it is also a major producer of vegetable oils, including sunflower and linseed oil. The region’s fertile soil and mild climate make it an ideal place for growing a variety of crops.
• Shambyl Region: The Shambyl Region is located in southern Kazakhstan and is another important producer of sunflower oil. The region’s agricultural sector focuses on the cultivation of crops such as sunflowers, wheat and corn.

These regions are followed by other major producers such as Akmola Region, East Kazakhstan Region and West Kazakhstan Region. The majority of Kazakhstan’s vegetable oil production is exported to countries such as Russia, China and Turkey, as well as other Central Asian countries.

These vegetable oils are produced by various companies in Kazakhstan, including:

• KazakhOil Product LLP
• Kazakhstanskaya kompaniya po proizvodstvu rastitlenykh masel (Kazakh vegetable oil production company)
• Astana Oil LLP
• Shymkent Oil Refinery LLP
• Pavlodar Oil Refinery LLP

These companies use various methods to extract oil from the seeds, including mechanical pressing, solvent extraction and cold pressing. The oils are then refined, bottled and sold locally or exported to other countries.

Total volume of vegetable oil production in Russia

Here you will find information about the largest vegetable oil production companies in Kazakhstan, their production volumes and the total volume of vegetable oil production in Kazakhstan.

Largest vegetable oil production companies in Kazakhstan:

• Kazakhstan Grain Processor (KGP): Based in Astana, KGP is one of the largest oilseed processing companies in Kazakhstan. The production capacity is 1.200 tons of oil per day and it produces various types of vegetable oils including sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil.
• KazakhOil Processing (KOP): Almaty-based KOP is another major player in the vegetable oil production sector in Kazakhstan. The production capacity is 800 tons of oil per day and it produces various vegetable oils including sunflower oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil.
• Tsesna Corporation: Headquartered in Astana, Tsesna Corporation is a leading agricultural company in Kazakhstan that also produces vegetable oils. The production capacity is 500 tons of oil per day and sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil are produced.
• FoodMaster: Shymkent-based FoodMaster is a leading food processing company in Kazakhstan that also produces vegetable oils. The production capacity is 300 tons of oil per day, producing sunflower oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil.

Production volumes of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan

According to the Kazakh Ministry of Agriculture, the total production volume of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan in 2020 was about 1,3 million tons. The breakdown of production volumes by type of oil is as follows:

• Sunflower oil: 540.000 tons (41,5% of total production)
• Rapeseed oil: 340.000 tons (26,2% of total production)
• Soybean oil: 240.000 tons (18,5% of total production)
• Cottonseed oil: 120.000 tons (9,2% of total production)
• Other types of oil: 50.000 tons (3,8% of total production)

Total volume of vegetable oil production in Kazakhstan

The total volume of vegetable oil production in Kazakhstan has been increasing over the years, which is due to the growing demand for edible oils and biofuels. Here are the total production volumes for the last few years:

• 2020: 1.300.000 tons
• 2019: 1.200.000 tons
• 2018: 1.100.000 tons
• 2017: 1.000.000 tons
• 2016: 900.000 tons

Quality of vegetable oils from Kazakhstan

Here you will find an overview of the quality indicators of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan and the quality standards for vegetable oils from Kazakhstan.

Quality indicators of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan

• Acid value: The acid value of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan is typically measured by the acid number, which indicates the amount of free fatty acids in the oil. Acid value is an important indicator of the quality of vegetable oils as it affects the taste, aroma and shelf life of the oil.
• Peroxide value: The peroxide value is a measure of the degree of oxidation of the oil, which influences its stability and rancidity. A higher peroxide value indicates a higher level of oxidation, which can negatively impact the quality of the oil.
• Moisture Content: The moisture content of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan is typically measured as a percentage of the water present in the oil. Excessive moisture content can cause spoilage and affect the quality of the oil.
• Impurities: The presence of impurities such as sediments, gums or other contaminants can affect the quality of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan.
• Color and Clarity: The color and clarity of vegetable oils are important indicators of their quality. Clear and light oils are generally considered to be of higher quality than cloudy or dark colored oils.
• Fatty acid composition: The fatty acid composition of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan affects their nutritional value, taste and shelf life.
• Sensory properties: The sensory properties of vegetable oils, such as taste, aroma and texture, are important indicators of their quality.

Quality standards for vegetable oils from Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan has established quality standards for vegetable oils, which are regulated by the Committee for Technical Regulation and Metrology (KAZMEMST). The standards are based on international standards, such as those of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

ST RK 1429-2015: Vegetable oils. General technical requirements

This standard specifies the general technical requirements for vegetable oils, including:

• Acid value: ≤ 0,5 mg KOH/g
• Peroxide value: ≤ 10 mmol/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,1%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,5%

Color and Clarity: The oil should be clear and transparent, with no sediment or suspended particles.

Fatty acid composition: The fatty acid composition should meet the requirements of the respective oil variety.

Sensory properties: The oil should have a pleasant taste, aroma and texture.

ST RK 1430-2015: Sunflower oil. technical requirements

This standard establishes specific technical requirements for sunflower oil, including:

• Acid value: ≤ 0,3 mg KOH/g
• Peroxide value: ≤ 5 mmol/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,05%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,2%

Color and Clarity: The oil should be clear and transparent, with no sediment or suspended particles.

Fatty acid composition: The fatty acid composition should meet the requirements for sunflower oil.

Sensory properties: The oil should have a pleasant taste, aroma and texture.

ST RK 1431-2015: Cottonseed oil. technical requirements

This standard establishes specific technical requirements for cottonseed oil, including:

• Acid value: ≤ 0,5 mg KOH/g
• Peroxide value: ≤ 10 mmol/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,1%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,5%

Color and Clarity: The oil should be clear and transparent, with no sediment or suspended particles.

Fatty acid composition: The fatty acid composition should meet the requirements for cottonseed oil.

Sensory properties: The oil should have a pleasant taste, aroma and texture.

Share of the world market

Kazakhstan is a major producer of vegetable oils and its share of the global market has increased in recent years. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Kazakhstan was the 2020th largest vegetable oil producer in the world in 14, accounting for about 1,3% of global production.

Regarding certain types of vegetable oils, Kazakhstan is a major producer of:

• Sunflower oil: Kazakhstan is the fifth largest producer of sunflower oil in the world, accounting for about 5,5% of global production.
• Rapeseed oil: Kazakhstan is the 2,5th largest producer of rapeseed oil in the world, accounting for about % of global production.
• Cottonseed oil: Kazakhstan is the 2,2th largest producer of cottonseed oil in the world, accounting for approximately % of global production.

As far as exports are concerned, Kazakhstan is a significant player in the global market. According to the Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC), in 2020 Kazakhstan was:

• Twelfth largest exporter of sunflower oil in the world, accounting for approximately 3,5% of global exports.
• 15th largest rapeseed oil exporter in the world, accounting for approximately 2,5% of global exports.
• 18th largest exporter of cottonseed oil in the world, accounting for about 2,2% of global exports.

Kazakhstan’s main export markets for vegetable oils are:

1. China: Kazakhstan’s largest export market for vegetable oils, accounting for about 40% of total exports.
2. Uzbekistan: The second largest export market, accounting for about 15% of total exports.
3. Russia: The third largest export market, accounting for about 10% of total exports.

Prices of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan (2017-2022)

Sunflower oil

In 2017, the average price of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan was about 150.000 KZT (about $400) per ton.

In 2018, prices fell by 10% to KZT 135.000 (approximately USD 360) per ton due to a good harvest and increased production.

In 2019, prices recovered to KZT 145.000 (approximately USD 390) per tonne, driven by strong demand from the food industry and export market.

In 2020, prices rose 20% to KZT 174.000 (approximately $460) per tonne, driven by supply chain disruptions and increased demand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2021, prices stabilized at around 165.000 KZT (approximately $430) per ton as the global market recovered from the pandemic.

In 2022, prices have remained relatively stable due to a balanced supply and demand situation and are between 160.000 and 170.000 KZT (approx. 420-450 USD) per ton.

Rapeseed oil

In 2017, the average price of rapeseed oil in Kazakhstan was around 120.000 KZT (approximately $320) per ton.

In 2018, prices fell 15% to KZT 102.000 (approximately $270) per ton due to a record harvest and increased production.

In 2019, prices recovered to KZT 115.000 (approximately USD 310) per tonne, driven by strong demand from the food industry and export market.

In 2020, prices rose 25% to KZT 140.000 (approximately $370) per tonne, driven by supply chain disruptions and increased demand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2021, prices stabilized at around 125.000 KZT (approximately $330) per ton as the global market recovered from the pandemic.

In 2022, prices have remained relatively stable due to a balanced supply and demand situation and are between 120.000 and 130.000 KZT (approx. 320-350 USD) per ton.

Demand for Kazakh vegetable oils

Global demand for vegetable oils is expected to grow steadily over the next decade due to growing populations, urbanization and changing dietary preferences. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, global demand for vegetable oils is expected to reach 2025 million tonnes by 242, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2020% from 2025 to 3,5.

Kazakh vegetable oil production

With an average annual production of around 1,5 million tons, Kazakhstan is the tenth largest vegetable oil producer in the world. The country’s vegetable oil production is dominated by sunflower oil, which accounts for around 70% of total production, followed by rapeseed oil (20%) and other oils such as soybean and cottonseed oil (10%).

Based on the global demand for vegetable oils and the production capacity of Kazakhstan, the following forecast can be made:

2023 – 2025

Sunflower oil: Demand for Kazakh sunflower oil is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2025 to 5, driven by increasing demand from the food industry, particularly in the production of margarine, mayonnaise and salad dressings. Demand is expected to reach 2025 million tons by 1,2.

Rapeseed oil: Demand for Kazakhstani rapeseed oil is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2025 to 4, driven by increasing demand from the biodiesel and food industries. Demand is expected to reach 2025 tons by 350.000.

2025 – 2030

Sunflower oil: Demand for Kazakh sunflower oil is expected to continue growing at a CAGR of 2025% from 2030 to 5, driven by increasing demand from the food industry and expansion into new markets. Demand is expected to reach 2030 million tonnes by 1,8.

Rapeseed oil: Demand for Kazakhstani rapeseed oil is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2025% from 2030 to 4,5, driven by increasing demand from the biodiesel industry and expansion into new markets. Demand is expected to reach 2030 tonnes by 500.000.

Ukraine

Types of vegetable oils produced in Ukraine

Thanks to its favorable climate and rich soil, Ukraine is a major producer of various types of vegetable oils. Here are some of the main types of vegetable oils produced in Ukraine:

• Sunflower oil: Ukraine is one of the world’s largest producers of sunflower oil, accounting for over 10% of global production. Sunflower oil is widely used in cooking, cosmetics and in the production of biofuels.
• Soybean oil: Soybean oil is another popular vegetable oil produced in Ukraine and used in food, feed and industrial applications.
• Rapeseed oil: Rapeseed oil, also called canola oil, is a popular choice for cooking and food processing. Ukraine is a major producer of rapeseed oil, which is also used in biofuel production.
• Flaxseed Oil: Flaxseed oil, also known as linseed oil, is a nutrient-dense oil that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Ukraine is a major producer of flaxseed oil, which is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.
• Pumpkin Seed Oil: Pumpkin seed oil is a specialty oil produced in Ukraine that is known for its nutty taste and high nutritional value. It is used in cooking, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.
• Safflower Oil: Safflower oil is a small but growing crop in Ukraine used in food, cosmetics and industrial applications.
• Corn Oil: Corn oil is another minor vegetable oil produced in Ukraine, used in food, cosmetics and industrial applications.
• Linoleic Oil: Linoleic oil, also known as linoleic acid, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid obtained from various oil seeds, including sunflower, soybeans and canola. Ukraine is a major producer of linoleic oil, which is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.
• Grapeseed Oil: Grapeseed oil is a specialty oil produced in Ukraine that is known for its light taste and high nutritional value. It is used in cooking, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.

These vegetable oils are produced in different regions of Ukraine, with the main production centers located in the east, south and center of the country. The favorable climate, fertile soil and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make the country an attractive location for vegetable oil production.

Main regions of vegetable oil production in Ukraine

Ukraine is a major producer of vegetable oils, especially sunflower oil, one of the country’s most important agricultural products. The main regions of vegetable oil production in Ukraine are:

• Kharkiv Oblast: Kharkiv Oblast is known as the “Sunflower Capital” of Ukraine and is the largest producer of sunflower oil in the country. The region’s fertile soil, favorable climate and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make it an ideal place for sunflower cultivation.
• Dnipropetrovsk Oblast: Located in eastern Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast is another major producer of sunflower oil. The region’s vast sunflower fields as well as modern processing facilities make it an important factor in Ukraine’s vegetable oil production.
• Zaporizhzhia Oblast: Zaporizhzhia Oblast is located in the southeastern part of Ukraine and is known for its large-scale sunflower production. The region’s favorable climate and soil conditions make it an ideal place for growing sunflowers, which are then processed into vegetable oil.
• Poltava Oblast: Located in central Ukraine, Poltava Oblast is also a major producer of sunflower oil. The region’s fertile soil and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make it an attractive location for sunflower cultivation and oil production.
• Cherkassy Oblast: Located in central Ukraine, Cherkassy Oblast is known for its mixed agriculture, including sunflower production. The region’s favorable climate and soil conditions make it an ideal place for growing sunflowers, which are then processed into vegetable oil.
• Kirovohrad Oblast: Kirovohrad Oblast is located in central Ukraine and is a major producer of sunflower oil. The region’s fertile soil and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make it an attractive location for sunflower cultivation and oil production.

These six regions are responsible for the majority of Ukraine’s vegetable oil production, with sunflower oil being the dominant variety. Other regions of Ukraine such as Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi and Lviv also produce vegetable oils, although to a lesser extent.

Largest vegetable oil production companies in Ukraine

1. Kernel (Kharkiv) – One of the largest agricultural companies in Ukraine with a production capacity of over 2,5 million tons of vegetable oil per year.
2. ViOil (Dnipropetrovsk) – A leading producer of vegetable oils in Ukraine with a production capacity of over 1,5 million tons per year.
3. Allseeds (Odessa) – A major player in the Ukrainian vegetable oil market with a production capacity of over 1,2 million tons per year.
4. Cargill Ukraine (Dnipropetrovsk) – A subsidiary of the global agricultural company Cargill with a production capacity of over 1 million tons per year.
5. Bunge Ukrain (Kiev) – A Ukrainian subsidiary of the global agricultural company Bunge with a production capacity of over 800.000 tons per year.

Total volume of vegetable oil production in Ukraine

According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, the total volume of vegetable oil production in Ukraine was:

• 2020: 4,5 million tons
• 2019: 4,2 million tons
• 2018: 4,1 million tons
• 2017: 3,9 million tons
• 2016: 3,7 million tons

Ukraine is one of the largest vegetable oil producers in the world, with sunflower oil being the country’s dominant type of oil. Most of Ukraine’s vegetable oil production is exported to countries such as India, China and the European Union.

Quality of vegetable oils from Ukraine

Ukraine is a major producer and exporter of vegetable oils, particularly sunflower oil. To ensure the quality of vegetable oils, Ukraine has established quality indicators and standards that comply with international norms and regulations. Here are some important quality indicators and standards for vegetable oils in Ukraine.

Quality indicators

• Acid value: The acid value of vegetable oils is an important indicator of their quality. It indicates the amount of free fatty acids present in the oil. In Ukraine, the acid value of sunflower oil should not exceed 0,2%.
• Peroxide value: The peroxide value is a measure of the degree of oxidation of the oil. In Ukraine, the peroxide value of sunflower oil should not exceed 1,0 meq/kg.
• Moisture and Impurities: The moisture content of vegetable oils should not exceed 0,1% and the content of impurities should not exceed 0,5%.
• Color and smell: The color and smell of vegetable oils should be characteristic of the respective type of oil.
• Fatty acid composition: The fatty acid composition of vegetable oils should correspond to the typical composition of the respective oil.

quality standards

• DSTU 4493:2005: This is the Ukrainian standard for sunflower oil, which specifies the requirements for the quality and safety of sunflower oil.
• DSTU 4163:2005: This is the Ukrainian standard for rapeseed oil, which specifies the requirements for the quality and safety of rapeseed oil.
• DSTU 4164:2005: This is the Ukrainian standard for soybean oil, which specifies the requirements for the quality and safety of soybean oil.
• GOST 31761:2012: This is the Russian standard for vegetable oils, which also applies in Ukraine. It specifies the requirements for the quality and safety of vegetable oils.

Certification and labeling

In Ukraine, vegetable oils are certified and labeled according to Ukrainian standards. The label should contain the following information:

• Product name: The name of the vegetable oil, e.g. B. sunflower oil.
• Net Quantity: The net quantity of oil in grams or liters.
• Manufacturer information: Name and address of the manufacturer.
• Quality indicators: The acid value, the peroxide value and the moisture content of the oil.
• Shelf life: The shelf life of the oil.
• Storage Conditions: The recommended storage conditions for the oil.

Export regulations

Ukraine’s export regulations for vegetable oils are regulated by the Ukrainian State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP). The regulations ensure that exported vegetable oils meet the quality and safety standards of the importing country.

International certification

Ukrainian vegetable oils can also be certified according to international standards, such as:

• ISO 22000:2005: This is the international standard for food safety management systems.
• HACCP: This is the international standard for hazard analysis and critical control points.
• IFS: This is the international standard for food safety and quality.

Share of the world market

Ukraine is a significant player in the global vegetable oil market, especially in terms of sunflower oil production and export. Here are some key statistics on the share of Ukrainian vegetable oils in the global market:

• Sunflower oil production: Ukraine is the world’s largest producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 20-25% of global production. In 2020, Ukraine produced about 6,3 million tons of sunflower oil.
• Sunflower oil exports: Ukraine is also the largest exporter of sunflower oil, accounting for about 40-45% of global exports. In 2020, Ukraine exported around 4,3 million tons of sunflower oil, worth about $2,5 billion.
• Global market share: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Ukraine’s share of the global vegetable oil market (including sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and others) was about 6-7% in 2020.
• European market share: Ukraine’s share of the European vegetable oil market is significantly higher at around 15-20%. The country is a major supplier of vegetable oils to the European Union, with the majority of exports going to countries such as Germany, Italy and Poland.
• Competitive advantages: Ukraine’s competitive advantages in the global vegetable oil market include favorable climate, fertile soil and relatively low production costs. The country’s proximity to European markets and the well-developed transport infrastructure also make exports easier.

The main destination countries for Ukrainian vegetable oil exports include:

• European Union: Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the Netherlands are among the top importers of Ukrainian vegetable oils.
• India: Ukraine is a major supplier of sunflower oil to India, which is one of the largest consumers of vegetable oils in the world.
• China: Ukraine also exports vegetable oils to China, although the volumes are relatively smaller compared to those exported to the European Union and India.
• Other countries: Ukrainian vegetable oils are also exported to other countries, including Turkey, Egypt and countries in the Middle East and North Africa.

Price dynamics

Ukrainian vegetable oil prices have generally declined over the past five years, reflecting global market trends and domestic production growth. Prices were influenced by factors such as global demand, supply and trade policies, as well as domestic weather conditions and manufacturing yields.

Sunflower oil

• In 2018, the average price of sunflower oil in Ukraine was around $740-780 per ton.
• In 2019, prices fell to around US$680-720 per tonne due to increased global production and lower demand.
• In 2020, prices fell further to around US$19-630 per tonne due to the COVID-670 pandemic and global oversupply.
• In 2021, prices stabilized at around US$650-700 per tonne, reflecting improved demand and reduced production in some exporting countries.
• In 2022, prices are trending upwards, reaching around $750-800 per tonne, driven by increased global demand and supply chain disruptions.

Rapeseed oil

• In 2018, the average price of rapeseed oil in Ukraine was around $1.030 to $1.080 per ton.
• In 2019, prices fell to around US$930-980 per tonne due to increased global production and lower demand.
• In 2020, prices fell further to around US$19-850 per tonne due to the COVID-900 pandemic and global oversupply.
• In 2021, prices stabilized at around US$880-940 per tonne, reflecting improved demand and reduced production in some exporting countries.
• In 2022, prices are trending upward, reaching around $1.030 to $1.080 per tonne, driven by increased global demand and supply chain disruptions.

Soybean oil

• In 2018, the average price of soybean oil in Ukraine was around $820-860 per ton.
• In 2019, prices fell to around US$750-790 per tonne due to increased global production and lower demand.
• In 2020, prices fell further to around US$19-680 per tonne due to the COVID-720 pandemic and global oversupply.
• In 2021, prices stabilized at around US$720-760 per tonne, reflecting improved demand and reduced production in some exporting countries.
• In 2022, prices are trending upwards, reaching around $840-900 per tonne, driven by increased global demand and supply chain disruptions.

Demand for Ukrainian vegetable oils

Based on historical trends, market analysis and industry reports, here is a forecast of demand for Ukrainian vegetable oils in the global market.

Short term (2023-2025)

Global demand for vegetable oils is expected to grow at a moderate rate of 2-3% per year, driven by increasing consumption in emerging markets, particularly in Asia and Africa.

Ukrainian vegetable oils, especially sunflower oil, are expected to remain competitive in the global market due to the country’s large production capacity and relatively low production costs.

Export demand for Ukrainian vegetable oils is expected to increase, especially from countries such as India, China and the European Union.

Medium term (2025-2030)

Global demand for vegetable oils is expected to accelerate, driven by rising demand for sustainable and healthier food options as well as growing demand from the biodiesel industry.

Ukraine’s vegetable oil production is expected to increase, driven by investments in the agricultural sector and improvements in crop yields.

Ukrainian vegetable oils are expected to maintain their market share, with sunflower oil remaining the dominant product.

Long term (2030-2040)

Global demand for vegetable oils is expected to continue to rise, driven by increasing demand for sustainable and healthier food options as well as growing demand from the biodiesel industry.

Ukraine’s vegetable oil production is expected to continue to increase due to investments in the agricultural sector, improvements in crop yields and the development of new technologies.

Ukrainian vegetable oils are expected to remain competitive in the global market due to the country’s large production capacity, relatively low production costs and growing demand for sustainable and healthier food options.

The demand for Ukrainian vegetable oils is expected to grow in the global market, driven by the increasing global demand for sustainable and healthier food options, as well as the growing demand from the biodiesel industry. Ukraine’s large production capacity, relatively low production costs and growing demand for sustainable and healthier food options are expected to maintain the country’s competitive position in the global market. However, to remain competitive, the industry must adapt to changing market trends, trade policies and environmental concerns.

Eastern Europe

Types of vegetable oils produced in Eastern Europe

Poland

• Rapeseed oil (also called canola oil): Poland is one of the largest rapeseed oil producers in the European Union.
• Sunflower oil: Poland is a major producer of sunflower oil, and many farmers grow sunflowers in the country.
• Linseed oil: Linseed oil is produced in Poland, mainly for use in industrial applications and as a raw material for biofuels.

Hungary

• Sunflower oil: Hungary is a major producer of sunflower oil, with many sunflower farms in the lowlands.
• Rapeseed oil: Hungary also produces rapeseed oil, although to a lesser extent than Poland.
• Pumpkin seed oil: Hungary is known for its high-quality pumpkin seed oil, which is often used as a finishing oil for culinary dishes.

Czech Republic

• Rapeseed oil: The Czech Republic produces rapeseed oil, mainly for use in food production and biofuels.
• Sunflower oil: Sunflower oil is also produced in the Czech Republic, although to a lesser extent than in Hungary and Poland.
• Poppy seed oil: The Czech Republic is known for its high-quality poppy seed oil, which is often used in baking and cooking.

Slovakia

• Sunflower oil: Slovakia is a major producer of sunflower oil, with many sunflower farms located in the south of the country.
• Rapeseed oil: Slovakia also produces rapeseed oil, mainly for use in food production and biofuels.
• Pumpkin Seed Oil: Slovakia produces pumpkin seed oil, which is often used as a finishing oil for culinary dishes.

Romania

• Sunflower oil: Romania is a major producer of sunflower oil, with many sunflower farms in the southeastern part of the country.
• Rapeseed oil: Romania also produces rapeseed oil, mainly for use in food production and biofuels.
• Corn Oil: Romania produces corn oil, which is commonly used for cooking and food production.

Bulgaria

• Sunflower oil: Bulgaria is a major producer of sunflower oil, with many sunflower farms in the southern part of the country.
• Rapeseed oil: Bulgaria also produces rapeseed oil, mainly for use in food production and biofuels.
• Corn Oil: Bulgaria produces corn oil, which is commonly used for cooking and food production.

Vegetable oil producing regions in Eastern Europe

Poland: Poland is one of the largest vegetable oil producers in Eastern Europe. The country’s most important oilseeds are rapeseed, sunflower and soybeans. The majority of Poland’s oil production comes from rapeseed, with the largest producers located in the Wielkopolskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Pomorskie regions.

Romania: Romania is another major vegetable oil producer in Eastern Europe. The country’s main oilseeds are sunflower, rapeseed and soybeans. The majority of Romania’s oil production comes from sunflowers. The largest producers are in the southern regions of Dolj, Olt and Teleorman.

Hungary: Hungary is a major vegetable oil producer in Eastern Europe, with the main oilseeds being sunflower, rapeseed and soybeans. The majority of Hungarian oil production comes from sunflowers, with the largest producers located in the lowlands (Alföld) and the Transdanubia region.

Bulgaria: Bulgaria is a major vegetable oil producer in Eastern Europe, with the main oilseeds being sunflower, rapeseed and soybeans. The majority of Bulgaria’s oil production comes from sunflowers. The largest producers are located in the regions of Dobruja, Upper Thracian Plain and Sofia Province.

Czech Republic: The Czech Republic is a smaller but still significant producer of vegetable oil in Eastern Europe. The country’s most important oilseeds are rapeseed, sunflower and soybeans. The majority of the Czech Republic’s oil production comes from rapeseed, with the largest producers located in the South Moravia, Vysočina and Central Bohemia regions.

Slovakia: Slovakia is a minor vegetable oil producer in Eastern Europe, with the main oilseeds being rapeseed, sunflower and soybeans. The majority of Slovakia’s oil production comes from rapeseed, with the largest producers located in the Nitra, Trnava and Bratislava regions.

These countries are followed by other Eastern European countries such as Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, which also produce vegetable oil, albeit in smaller quantities.

Largest vegetable oil production company in Eastern Europe

Poland

• Bunge Polska Sp. z oo – 240.000 tons (2020)
• Terpol Sp. z oo – 180.000 tons (2020)
• Cargill Polska Sp. z oo – 150.000 tons (2020)

Romania

• Cargill Romania SRL – 220.000 tons (2020)
• Bunge Romania SRL – 180.000 tons (2020)
• Socatraf SRL – 120.000 tons (2020)

Hungary

• Cargill Magyarország Kft. – 150.000 tons (2020)
• Bunge Hungary Kft. – 120.000 tons (2020)
• Olaj Hungaria Zrt. – 90.000 tons (2020)

Czech Republic

• Cargill Czech Republic sro – 100.000 tons (2020)
• Bunge Czech Republic sro – 80.000 tons (2020)
• Alimex as – 60.000 tons (2020)

Slovakia

• Cargill Slovakia sro – 60.000 tons (2020)
• Bunge Slovakia sro – 50.000 tons (2020)
• Slovolfat sro – 40.000 tons (2020)

Bulgaria

• Bunge Bulgaria EOOD – 50.000 tons (2020)
• Cargill Bulgaria EOOD – 40.000 tons (2020)
• Solvay Sodi AD – 30.000 tons (2020)

Total production of vegetable oil in Eastern Europe

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), total vegetable oil production in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) was about 2020 million tons in 2,3. Here is a breakdown of total vegetable oil production in each country:

• Poland: 540.000 tons (2020)
• Romania: 420.000 tons (2020)
• Hungary: 320.000 tons (2020)
• Czech Republic: 240.000 tons (2020)
• Slovakia: 140.000 tons (2020)
• Bulgaria: 100.000 tons (2020)
• Quality indicators for vegetable oils in Eastern Europe

Quality of vegetable oils from Eastern Europe

Poland

The Polish Association of Oilseeds and Vegetable Oil Industries (POVIA) recommends the following quality indicators:

• Acid number: ≤ 0,5%
• Peroxide value: ≤ 3 meq O2/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,1%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,5%

Czech Republic

The Czech Association of Vegetable Oil Producers (ČSVP) recommends:

• Acid number: ≤ 0,5%
• Peroxide value: ≤ 2 meq O2/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,1%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,5%

Hungary

The Hungarian Association of Vegetable Oil Producers (HVO) recommends:

• Acid number: ≤ 0,5%
• Peroxide value: ≤ 2,5 meq O2/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,1%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,5%

Romania

The Romanian Association of Vegetable Oil Producers (AROP) recommends:

• Acid number: ≤ 0,5%
• Peroxide value: ≤ 2 meq O2/kg
• Moisture content: ≤ 0,1%
• Impurities: ≤ 0,5%

Quality standards for vegetable oils from Eastern Europe

• ISO 660:2009: Standard for animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acidity
• ISO 6883:2009: Standard for animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of peroxide value
• ISO 659:2009: Standard for animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of moisture and volatile content
• Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC): sets international standards for food, including vegetable oils, in terms of safety, quality and labeling.
• EU regulations: The European Union has established regulations for the production, labeling and trade of vegetable oils, including those produced in Eastern Europe.

Certification systems and labels

• EU organic seal: ensures that the oil is produced according to EU organic standards, which include strict rules on ecological sustainability, animal welfare and social justice.
• Fairtrade Certification: Guarantees that the oil is produced under fair trade conditions and ensures fair prices, humane working conditions and sustainable production practices.
• ISO 9001:2015: a quality management system certification that ensures that the oil producer has implemented a quality management system to meet customer and regulatory requirements.

Share of the world market

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the share of vegetable oils from Eastern Europe (except Russia and Ukraine) in the global market is significant, but varies depending on the type of oil. Here is a breakdown of Eastern European countries’ share of global production and exports of various vegetable oils.

Rapeseed oil

Poland is the largest rapeseed oil producer in Eastern Europe, accounting for around 12% of global production (2020 data).

The region’s share of global rapeseed oil exports is around 15-20%.

Sunflower oil

Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria are major producers of sunflower oil in Eastern Europe.

The region’s share of global sunflower oil exports is about 10-15%.

Soybean oil

While Eastern Europe is not a large soybean producer, some countries such as Poland and Hungary have significant soybean oil production.

The region’s share of global soybean oil exports is around 5-10%.

other oils

Eastern Europe is also a major producer of other vegetable oils such as linseed oil, linseed oil and poppy seed oil.

In terms of total vegetable oil production, Eastern Europe (with the exception of Russia and Ukraine) accounts for about 5-7% of world production.

Here are some specific data points for the region:

1. Poland: 2020th largest producer of vegetable oils in the world (1,4 data) with a production of around million tons.
2. Hungary: 15th largest producer of vegetable oils in the world (2020 data) with a production of around 1,2 million tons.
3. Romania: 18th largest producer of vegetable oils in the world (2020 data) with a production of around 1,1 million tons.
4. Bulgaria: 20th largest producer of vegetable oils in the world (2020 data) with a production of around 0,9 million tons.

Price dynamics

Over the past five years, vegetable oil prices in Eastern Europe have been subject to fluctuations due to factors such as changes in global demand, supply chain disruptions and weather conditions.

Rapeseed oil

In 2018, the average price of rapeseed oil in Poland was around €640 per ton.

In 2019, the price rose to around €740 per tonne due to strong demand from the biodiesel industry.

In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, the price fell to around €620 per tonne, resulting in a drop in demand.

In 2021, the price recovered to around €730 per ton due to improved demand and supply chain disruptions.

In 2022, the price was around €800 per ton due to strong demand and high production costs.

Sunflower oil

In 2018, the average price of sunflower oil in Hungary was around €540 per ton.

In 2019, the price increased to around €640 per ton due to the drought in the region, which affected sunflower yields.

In 2020, the price fell to around €19 per ton due to the COVID-520 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns.

In 2021, the price recovered to around €600 per ton due to improved demand and supply chain disruptions.

In 2022, the price was around €680 per ton due to strong demand and high production costs.

Soybean oil

In 2018, the average price of soybean oil in Romania was around €460 per ton.

In 2019, the price rose to around €520 per ton due to strong demand from the food industry.

In 2020, the price fell to around €19 per ton due to the COVID-420 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns.

In 2021, the price recovered to around €490 per ton due to improved demand and supply chain disruptions.

In 2022, the price was around €550 per ton due to strong demand and high production costs.